Oral Health and General Health: How Your Mouth and Body Are Connected

It is easy to think of the mouth as separate from the rest of the body, but the evidence increasingly suggests otherwise. Your gums in particular are living tissue with a rich blood supply, and long-term inflammation there doesn't always stay put.

Gum disease in a nutshell

Gum disease starts as gingivitis: plaque builds up along the gum line, and the gums become red, puffy and prone to bleeding when you brush. At this stage it is reversible with better cleaning. If it continues, it can progress to periodontitis, where the tissues and bone supporting the teeth are gradually lost. Teeth can become loose and may eventually be lost. Gum disease is common in adults and often causes no pain in its early stages, which is why many people don't realise they have it.

What gum disease has been linked with

Research has found associations between gum disease and a number of wider health conditions. The NHS mentions links with conditions including:

• diabetes
• heart disease and stroke
• rheumatoid arthritis
• problems in pregnancy, such as premature birth

An association isn't proof that one causes the other, and researchers are still working out the mechanisms. But the overall message is consistent: keeping your gums healthy is a sensible part of looking after your general health.

Diabetes and gums: a two-way link

The connection with diabetes is one of the most widely studied. Poorly controlled blood sugar makes gum disease more likely and harder to treat, and active gum disease can make blood sugar harder to control. If you have diabetes, let your dentist know, and keep up with regular check-ups and hygiene visits.

Other ways the mouth reflects your health

• Dry mouth can be a side effect of many medicines and raises the risk of decay.
• Acid wear on teeth can be a sign of reflux or frequent sickness.
• Mouth ulcers that haven't healed within three weeks, or red or white patches, should always be checked by a dentist or doctor.

A routine that protects both

• Brush twice a day with a fluoride toothpaste, spitting out afterwards rather than rinsing.
• Clean between your teeth daily with interdental brushes or floss.
• Limit how often you have sugary food and drinks.
• Don't smoke, and keep alcohol within recommended limits.
• See your dentist and hygienist as often as they recommend for you.

Book a check-up in Mill Hill

A check-up includes an assessment of your gums as well as your teeth. Dental Wellness Mill Hill is at 46 The Broadway, NW7 3LH, close to Mill Hill Broadway station and on several bus routes. Call 020 3930 4900, email smile@dentalwellnessmillhill.co.uk or book online.